Saturday, 27 September 2014
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Thursday, 21 August 2014
Tourism in Egypt
Tourism is one of the most important sources of national income in Egypt, and the Egyptian people are accustomed to the presence of tourists in their midst since ancient times. Egypt is characterized by an abundance of tourist attractions of all kinds, because of the abundance of temples and Alotharōhnak also Pharaonic Village, which a lot of statues of Pharaonic take care of it and invested tourist attraction, is also available tourism infrastructure, which includes star hotels, tourist villages and tourist agencies and airline offices, and is considered a tourist congestion year in Cairo, Alexandria and the Red Sea Governorate, Hurghada and the Sinai and South Sinai, particularly in Sharm el-Sheikh, Dahab and Nuweiba, where sports sport diving, which attracts tourists from around the world, particularly from Germany and Italy are a fan of this kind of sports, where that Egypt is characterized by coral reefs, rare in the Red Sea and the types of fish that they held festivals and competitions fishing yacht, which comes to fishing enthusiasts of Egyptians and foreigners.
Summer is approaching and approaching his thoughts rest, recreation and tourism, and linked to the souls of the dates successes, visits and marriages
And links to family and social well-known.
Teleconference all rights associated with the Muslim rectal approach Lord Almighty and the teachings of His Messenger, peace be upon him in order to spend the summer combines meaningful and commitment required.
As active humanly regular, often the associated done in the summer and in some spots and designated countries, you need to word University and directing critical, so be on the path of God, the rectum, and in order to deny Maitalq of the excesses of moral, financial, and time and so on, and also that tourism in Islamic law permitted seen it from several angles:
- From the standpoint of being a human activity or actually a human should adhere to, inter teachings and forensic evidence, and not miss it a religious duty or mundane, or may be a way to commit a prohibited and hated, or be the same as actually forbidden and prohibited.
- From the standpoint of being a wandering in the ground, and walk in the tracts, and in fact a reflection of God, look at his signs and miracles, and reflect on the diversity of creation and the different creatures. {Among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation your languages and Walkman}.
- From the standpoint of being an annual event or time period renew the tourist activity, and removes himself the burdens of business and fees Works, and caused himself and his family broad spectrum of entertainment, recovery and extroversion and pleasure, which gives them the enthusiasm and recurrence, and proficiency and Mlazemth.
- From the standpoint of being a way to get to know the Muslims and their concerns and their conditions and their situation, and to enable relevant to them, and to achieve the general meaning of brotherhood, called the Great in the Qur'an, in the verse: {The believers are brothers make peace between your brothers}.
- From the standpoint of being the views of the people and many groups, and knowledgeable about the circumstances and conditions, and seize it in order to benefit, guidance and reform, how much of a class of human reconciliation intact and the guidance of its members, because of the word from the San honest man, or because of the role models poignant biography of a man straight. This most important angles of view which in fact tourism in Islamic law, and this is considered Mottagrr in the launch and cousins, ie it Mottagrr is what can regard this tourism suspicions and impurities and circumstances make this tourism is not required or ending it and Margba in left.
Therefore make sure the tourists in the land evoke Shariah Tourism, monuments moral them, so this does not lead to the opposite of what it understood to tourism, and to what otherwise put him and started for him. For the tourist that balances the interests, more importantly, provides the important, if the offers for spending subsisting and live on spending for tourism and recreation and to submit pay its debts to repay amounts hotels, beaches, forests and tickets planes, trains and buses.
Perhaps such as this that offers domestic tourism to foreign tourism, though offers tourism within the country and between the family and the children of his homeland, on tourism in a foreign country does not know where fate and destiny.
At the same degree of foreign tourism and budgets, he or it must provide tourism in the Arab and Islamic countries on tourism in the country's western or eastern may Achrist where the back shroud after that disobeyed and seduce.
Monday, 17 March 2014
Archaeology Schools Around the World
Archaeology Schools Around the World
For those who are interested in studying the human culture
in Iraq, they may study at the British School of Archaeology in Iraq. This
school is located in Great Britain and focuses on studies related to
Mesopotamia's languages and ancient civilizations. It was in 1932 when this
school was founded and ever since, the British School of Archaeology in Iraq
has always been considered as on the best schools for archaeology. Aside from
the funds coming from the British Government, the British School of Archaeology
also receives funds from private individuals and organizations. The British
School of Archaeology has been known as the British Institute for the Study of
Iraq since December 12, 2007.
In Greece, the best school for archaeology is the Swiss
School of Archaeology in Greece. It is a foreign archaeological institute in
the nation and its head office is situated in Athens, Greece. The University of
Lausanne in Switzerland is the one hosting the school. While its head office is
located at Odos Skaramanga 4B, it has several offices in Eretria.
Also in Athens, Greece, another best school for archaeology
is the Italian School of Archaeology. This school is only one of the seventeen
best international schools for archaeology that have headquarters in Athens,
Greece. While its headquarters is in Athens, its branch offices are situated in
Rome, Limnos, and Crete. Founded in 1909, the library of the Italian School of
Archaeology has a large library. Among the places where the school has
conducted archaeological studies are Thouria and Aigialeia, while the places
where it has conducted excavations include the Roman city of Gortyn, Agia
Triada, Phaistos, Crete, Chloe, Hephaisteia, and Poliochni.
Another best school for archaeology is the School for
American Archaeology. It was introduced in 1907 but its name has already been
changed twice. First, it was changed to the School of American Research and in
2007, it was changed to the School for Advanced Research on the Human
Experience. Situated in Santa Fe, New Mexico in the United States, the focus of
the school includes international standpoint on humanities, social science
disciplines, and anthropology. Residential fellowships are offered to scholars
as well as artists. Moreover, non-fiction and academic reading materials are
being published by the school through the publication SAR Press.
These are only some of the many best schools for archaeology
existing worldwide. In Athens, Greece alone, there are several best schools
that focus on archaeology including The American School of Classical Studies at
Athens, the Georgian Institute at Athens, the French School at Athens, the
Finnish School at Athens, and the Canadian Institute in Greece.
Indeed, those who are interested in studying archaeology
have a lot of best schools to choose from.
Egyptian Ancient Cities
The ancient Egyptians had many great cities. Some of their
remains are still present to keep us bewildered on how amazing the ancient
Egyptian civilization was. Some cities however have now vanished, but still the
presence of very fine monuments give us a clue of how wonderful these cities
were.
Many of the egyptian cities were developed when certain
pyramids or other large building works were constructed. The capital moved from
site to site depending on the Pharaoh. The first reason for this is the
internal peace which existed in Egypt from the earliest times. A second reason
directly related to the first - given urban mobility each successive pharaoh
was free to spend his reigning life on earth preparing his tomb for the life
after death in a different location to that of his predecessor.
Egyptian Pharaohs would move to other sites when resistance
to change in current capital cities was too great to accomplish their goals.
Thebes, the city of the god Amon, was the capital of Egypt
during the period of the Middle and New Kingdoms. With the temples and palaces
at Karnak and Luxor, and the necropolises of the Valley of the Kings and the
Valley of the Queens, Thebes is a striking testimony to Egyptian civilization
at its height.
This is the great, ancient city of Thebes, capital of the
Egyptian empire for almost one thousand years, for Egyptian inhabitants it was
Uaset, meaning "the chief town" and Niut, "the City" it was
later on called Diospolis Magna. Its present name of Luxor comes from the Arab
El Qousour, translation of the Latin "Castra" with which the ancient
Romans indicated the city where they had installed two encampments.
Luxor and Karnak now occupy parts of its site. The city
developed at a very early date from a number of small villages, particularly
one around modern Luxor (then called Epet), but remained relatively obscure
until the rise of the Theban family that established the XI dynasty (c.2134 B.C.).
The city rapidly became prominent as the royal residence and as a seat of the
worship of the god Amon. At Thebes, also, was the necropolis in the Valley of
the Tombs where the kings and nobles were entombed in great splendor in crypts
cut into the cliffs on the Nile's west bank. The city's greatest period was
that of the empire, when it served as a reservoir for the immense wealth that
poured in from the conquered countries. As the empire began to decay and the
locus of power to shift to the Nile delta, Thebes went into decline.
Thebes was sacked by the Assyrians in 661 B.C., the army
lead by Assarhaddon, Assurbanipal's army deported the townsmen before turning
them into slaves and stripped the town of its statues and treasures. Lastly, it
was completely razed to the ground in 84 B.C. by Ptolemy Lathyros to the extent
that during the roman era it was a mass of ruins visited by wayfarers; the few
remaining townsmen settled in what remained of the temples and the tombs were
reduced to stables.
The Romans sacked it in 29 B.C., and by 20 B.C. there was
only a few scattered villages seen. The temples and tombs that have survived,
including the tombs of Tutankhamen and of Ramses II's sons, are among the most
splendid in the world.
Temple of Amon Ra
In Luxor, all that remains of its glorious past is the
temple that the ancient Egyptians built to the glory of Amon ra king of the
gods, and which they called "Southern harem of Amon".
Brought back to light in 1883 by Gaston Maspéro, the temple
is 260 metres long and its construction was basically commissioned by two
Pharaohs, Amon-Ofis III who started it in the XIV century B.C. and Ramses II
who completed it adding the porticoed courtyard with its axis moved eastwards,
and no longer north-south as in the case of the rest of the temples.
The architect was probably amenophis, son of Hotep. The
temple of Luxor was joined to that of karnak by a long stone-paved dromos, a
drome and a processional avenue, flanked by sphinxes with rams heads that the
XXX Dynasty replaced with sphynexes with human heads. The avenue ended at the
entrance to the temple of Luxor, marked by the large pylon erected by Ramses
II, which features a 65-metre front decorated with bas-reliefs illustrating
scenes of the military campaigns of the Pharaoh against the Hittites.
In ancient time, the pylon was preceded by two obelisks, two
seated colossi and two standing colossi. Today, only the left 25-metre high
obelisk is still standing: the other was taken to Paris in 1833 and placed by
the engineer Lebas in Place de la Concorde on the 25th October 1836. The two
colossi in granite represent the Pharaoh seated on his throne, fifteen and a
half metres in height on a base of about one metre. Of the other four statues
in pink granite leaning against the pylon, one was to represent Queen Nefertari
and another decrepit one to the right, his daughter Merit-Amon.
Having passed through the triumphal entrance, one enters the
court of Ramses II, with its double row of columns with closed papyrus capital
and statues of Osiris in the inter columns. To the north-west of the courtyard
one can admire the temple-deposit of the sacred boats built by Thot-Mosis III
and dedicated to the triad Amon, Mut and Khonsu.
Then follows a colonnade of two rows of bell-shaped columns
52 meters long that take us to the second sourtyard, or courtyard of Amon-Ofis
II, surrounded on three sides by two rows of columns with closed papyruses, a
real, highly evocative forest. From here, across a transversal hypostyle hall,
one enters the last sanctuary, the most intimate and sacred partFree Web
Content, which gave the temple its name of "Adytum of the south"
theatre.
Cleaning Monuments
Ever wondered how professionals go about cleaning historic
monuments? Great Britain's rich history depends on careful work to ensure that
future generations can benefit.
In a culturally rich and diverse country, such as the United
Kingdom, there are numerous national treasures that require maintaining. As
many of us become aware of the environmental impact of what we do, we come to
realise that preservation can sometimes be a tricky task to carry out.
The country boasts thousands of statues and monuments,
commemorating a large number of people and events. Each monument acts as a
reminder of our past.
The maintenance of such monuments is an ongoing task and one
that is not without it's difficulties. Traditional methods of maintaining
monuments often produced great immediate results but have subsequently led to
the erosion of some of our best loved historic symbols.
A number of UK specialists have started to take a new look
at the process of cleaning and renovating the nation's heritage. At the core of
their methodology is the requirement to use methods that are efficient and also
friendly to the environment.
The top priority must always be, of course, to remain
friendly to the future of the monument concerned.
Recent work on the Coventry Blitz Memorial is an excellent
example of how sensitive cleaning work can really heighten the appeal of a
monument. The Blitz Memorial was originally constructed to honour more than
1200 Coventry residents who were killed during Second World War raids.
Over time, the monument had suffered from erosion and from
the impact of pollutants.
The team from EcoLogic Systems stepped in to restore the
structureArticle Search, bringing back its natural white appearance. The
non-abrasive cleaning techniques ensured that the monument would not be
damaged.
The Coventry Blitz Memorial stands as a reminder to all of
us. Maintaining such monuments is vital to the future of the country.
American archaeology
In many parts of the United States, archaeologists have
found relics of people who lived thousands of years before Columbus discovered
America. In fact, these relics have helped other scholars to decide when the
people we call "American Indians" first came to the continent of
North America from Asia, where their original home was, perhaps as many as
fifty thousand years ago.
In many parts of the United States, archaeologists have
found relics of people who lived thousands of years before Columbus discovered
America. In fact, these relics have helped other scholars to decide when the
people we call "American Indians" first came to the continent of
North America from Asia, where their original home was, perhaps as many as
fifty thousand years ago. Wherever you go in the United States, you will be
near the ancient dwelling places of some of these peoples of the vanished ages.
In Illinois, Ohio, Wisconsin, and other parts of the Midwest, and as far south
as Alabama, there are relics of the mound builders about whom there is a
separate article in this encyclopedia.
The Mound Builders built great mounds of earth and stone,
and used them for houses, and for churches, and for burial places for their
dead. The "cliff dwellers" of the American Southwest left their
"apartment houses" on the sides of cliffs in such good condition that
you can walk into them and see how people lived three thousand years ago. The
mayans and aztecs in Centtal America, and the incas and other prehistoric men
who came long before them in Peru and other parts of South AmericaFree Reprint
Articles, are other ancient men of the Western Hemisphere about whom there are
separate articles.
Geophysical Survey
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There are several great companies out there which offer a
wide range of geotechnical and structural monitoring expertise. An experienced
company may provide you great-quality services, right from designing the
initial monitoring scheme, instrument procurement, to data assessment and
report writing. They may also offer you an extensive range of geophysical
survey techniques. So, find leading providers of monitoring services for
construction, environmental, geotechnical, hydrological, and structural
applications.
If you are looking for companies which can provide you
Geophysical Survey Expertise, then you should better search them through
Google. Type your query in the search-box of the search-engine and press ENTER.
You’ll be surprised to see the number of companies out there which can help
you. However, make sure that you don’t ink the deal with the very first company
that comes your way. Instead you should look for as many options as you can
have, compare them, and then, opt for the best option possible.
Now, what are you waiting for? There are so many companies
out there which could help you with their expertise. All you need to ensure
that you choose a trusted service provider and not a new entrant in the
industry. An experienced and professional service provider will be in a much
better position to help you out and give you value-for-money services. With a
trusted service provider, you don’t even need to look for the
instrument-supplier. Your chosen company will arrange that itself as they have
close associations with the instrument-makers.
As already mentioned above, a Geophysical Survey is used for
both spatial studies as well as for industrial purposes.
Technologies used for such surveys include:
Seismic methods
Geodesy and Gravity Techniques
Electrical Techniques
Remote Sensing Techniques
Electromagnetic Methods
Magnetic Technique
Borehole Geophysics
Electromagnetic Methods
Sol Data Limited offers an impressive range of geotechnical
and structural monitoring expertise to the UK, Ireland, and Scandinavia. From
the design of an initially monitoring scheme, instrument procurements,
installation, data management through to data assessment and report
writingBusiness Management Articles, Sol Data Limited have emerged as the
specialist in geotechnical and structural monitoring.
Gold Mining with Mobile equipment
Managing your gold
mining process with a eco-friendly mobile gold mining processing plant
simplifies your operation and increases your Return on Investment. Mobile gold
mining equipment allows you to process your material at the source thus,
reducing transport costs.
Innovative off grid solar and wind powered eco-friendly
mobile mining gold ore of alluvial processing plants are designed for the
harshest of environments such as Africa, Central America and South America.
The new types of sustainable powered eco-Friendly mobile
gold and precious metal processing plants are the first of their kind, offering
a truly off grid self-contained sustainable energy system. Mobile production
mining systems range from small artisan gold mining systems to large high
production gold mining units that offer 24/7/365 off grid gold, precious metal,
and gemstone (diamonds and precious stones) processing at a 98% efficiency.
Powered primarily by sustainable energy and equipped with a mini diesel
generator as a standby, mobile gold and precious metal mining equipment allow
mining companies in Africa, Central and South America to be mobile and off grid
for their energy and gold mining needs.
Mining companies can now process their material anywhere
eliminating the high transportation costs of moving their material to a
processing plant. Mobile mining processing plants now allow ore and alluvial
gold processing at the source.
The eco-friendly mobile gold mining processing plants work
off of a series of tables and allow for secure storage of the captured gold and
an enclosed lab. Satellite communication or GSM based can be integrated into
the gold processing plant allowing for IP based security cameras to allow
management to monitor the gold processing operation.
ENERGY SYSTEMS The mobile off grid energy systems are
developed to provide power for the following processes;• Power the high
efficient ½ hp motors that power the linear motion of the tables• Power the
water pumps utilized for the gold concentration process• Power the gold vacuum
driven collection system• Power the LED operational lighting system for the
gold processing area• Power the energy management and diagnostics including the
laptop computer• Power optional security camera systems and visual data logging
STANDBY ENERGY SUPPLY & FUEL CONSUMPTIONAs a standby and
additional field power source, the mobile gold processing plants can have a 7
KVA diesel generator tied into the power system with automatic switch gear. The
automatic switchgear will initiate a generator startup upon a low voltage
battery condition that can be caused by a component failure. The Generator at
60% load will utilize 1.5 liters per hour (based upon average field
conditions). With the expanded double wall DOT approved fuel cell the mobile
gold processing plant has enough fuel for approximately 151 hours of operation.
ENERGY COMPONENTSThe energy equipment standard on all mobile
gold mining systems includes 16 US made 300 watt high efficiency solar panels
with high quality inverters. Depending on site wind conditions, an optional
tilt-up 2.5kW variable pitch wind turbine is installed at the front of the
processing trailer. All energy harvesting and control equipment is mounted in
the trailer enclosure at the front of the trailer. Each solar panel’s health
and output can be monitored from the laptop computer.
SETUP & DURATIONThe gold
processing plants require less than 2 normal working days, under most
conditions, to be setup and running. All connections and assemble points are
color coded and numbered for a swift and simple assembly. Each processing plant
includes additional hardware and a toolkit capable of servicing all components
SYSTEM OPERATIONAL SAFETYMobile gold processing plants are
developed to conform or exceed all engineering, mechanical, and electrical
safety standards. All moving parts are painted yellow. All pinch points are
guarded and painted red. The supplied electrical components are UL approved
(for North, Central and South American markets) and are protected via a GFI
supplied electrical system. Two push button E-STOPs should be located on each
side of the trailer. The setup of the trailer requires a supplied copper
grounding rod to be driven into the ground for the protection of a direct
lightning hit in addition to supporting the proper grounding of the sustainable
energy harvesting equipment. All electrical wiring is run through PVC conduit.
All energy harvesting components are securely wall mounted and connections
including wire are shielded from the accidental contact of a site worker.
Multilingual advisory placards are strategically located to clearly indicate
the potential hazard condition. All electrical components are double grounded.
Each component is protected by a properly sized breaker system with matching
wire size. Breaker panel is located within the trailer enclosure/lab. Full
onsite training is available and supplemented by multilingual easy to read and
understand booklets. For illiterate workers, one-on-one training must be
provided.
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTSThe material to be processed must be
crushed and classified to a size ranging for 150-200 mesh. The material size is
very imports for the separation of precious metals form non-value minerals. If
the ore material is of high sulfide count a pre-roasting condition may apply.
Ferris based metals are captured and removed through a multi-level magnet
system located in the feed shoot.
The post-concentration material can be directed to virtually
any location on the mine through manual or automatic means. For “open sky”
mines, I recommend the stockpiling of the for the environmental purpose of
filling the pit back in.
I also recommends mining companies perform random tailings
testing via a small supplemental series of tables mounted on a trailerArticle Submission,
or lab testing to ensure the complete capture of high value material.
Types of surface mining
1. Dredging
This is a high-volume mining technique for low-value
products near a plentiful source of water. Scoops/buckets are used to extract
material from shallow water (often man-made lagoons). A high-tech variation of
this is undersea mining, where material is sucked from the seafloor (although
the only successful application of this to-date has been for gem diamonds in
shallow waters).
The mining process is usually combined with the processing
(typically drying and concentration) on a floating barge, which is anchored in
the middle of the lagoon.
2. Surface Mining
Called 'Open-cast' if soft-rock mining (eg coal mining
process or limestone) and 'Open-pit' if hard- rock mining (eg copper and
diamonds). The mining process is fundamentally different between these soft-
and hard-rock operations. The former operations are usually rectangular in
general shape (and advance along the seam, with waste infill behind as they
advance) while the latter are oval.
Surface mines normally only extend to a depth of about 200
m, below which it is usually cheaper to extract the metal from underground. The
cut-off point will depend on the economies of the two methods, with surface
costs being dominated by the ore:waste (stripping) ratio, which, in turn, will
depend on the shape of the orebody, the amount of overburden to be removed and
the safe steepness of the wall (ie bench height v width). This latter item will
depend on the type of rock and the number of fractures etc.
Hard-rock surface mining is dominated by drilling/blasting
and then lifting of the broken ore either into trucks or onto conveyors for
transportation to the processing plant. This lifting is usually by excavator
(electric or hydraulic; with shovel or backhoe configuration) or front-end
loader. The softer rocks can be recovered directly by using very powerful
excavators (including the huge bucket-wheel machines).
3. Types of Coal Underground Mining
Access is via vertical shafts or inclined roadways (adits).
There are usually two access routes (one for men and materials, and one for the
ore) for safety and for ease of ventilation (fresh air comes in one and is then
exhausted out of the other).
Once at the correct depth, horizontal tunnels are driven to
reach the ore deposit. These are permanent structures so require strong roof
supports (often including 'bolts' into the rock to tie the layers together for
strength). In contrast, tunnels into the ore deposit itself are often temporary,
and so the support is less substantial. Transport for men and materials can be
by train, truck or man-riding conveyor belts.
4. Insitu Mining
Solution - Involves the injection of water down drill holes
into soluble deposits (most commonly salt). The mineral-rich solution is then
pumped back to the types of mining of surface.
Thermal - Although only still at the research stage, it is
theoretically possible to burn coal insitu (by creating cracks, then injecting
oxygen and a heat source) and recovering the resultant heat (in effectFind
Article, an underground power station without going to the trouble of
extracting the coal). This has happened spontaneously in numerous areas
(particularly in India) but the difficulty has always come in controlling the burning
process.
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